PKI has been mature for thirty years. So why is interoperability still an open question? A credential is a proxy, and it can come apart from the person it stands for in five ways. None of them are described by any assurance level we have.
In our previous article, we explored whether human assets can be fully digitalized or tokenized, identifying two major barriers: authentic intention and legal recognition. Without a human-centric verification mechanism, digital signing opens the door to identity fraud, sloppy private key management, and legally baseless asset transfers. When trust and legal protection are missing, asset digitalization hits a wall.
